In one of the largest collection awards ever granted by a jury, a California couple has been awarded $500,000 in damages for being harassed and threatened by the debt collection agency Credigy Services Corporation, reports insideARM (“Jury Awards $500,000 to California Couple in FDCPA Case,” May 5, 2009).

Under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, which protects consumers against abusive collections tactics by debt collectors, Manuel and Luz Fausto were awarded $100,000 for actual damages and $400,000 in punitive damages, granted by a jury for “malicious and reckless disregard of the couple’s rights.”

The award stems from a dispute over the couple’s Wells Fargo charge card debt they thought they had paid off in the late 1990s, said the Faustos’ lawyer, David Humphreys of Humphreys Wallace Humphreys, P.C.

During the mid-1990s, the couple realized that their credit card balance was continuing to rise even though they were making payments on their account, but a local Wells Fargo branch denied their request to have the account frozen.

To resolve the situation, the Faustos went to a local debt settlement company that promised to negotiate a payoff of the credit card balance. The couple thought the account had been paid off in the late 1990s, after they made two money order payments.

Then in 2006, the couple was contacted by Credigy with a demand to pay $17,000. Even after a cease-and-desist notice was sent to a Brazilian affiliate of Credigy, the debt collection company still made over 90 threatening calls and sent innumerable letters to the Faustos’ home.

Debt collection attorney Manny Newburger says the jury award in this case is one of the largest given to a consumer under the FDCPA, noting that usually “there is little or no evidence of actual damages presented by the consumer.” In this particular case, however, the Faustos were able to document the harassing nature of Credigy’s practices, including the company’s baseless threats, having recorded the last phone call from the collector.

Newburger believes that the verdict in the Fausto case was based largely on state legislation and doesn’t think that the size of the award will motivate more consumers to sue debt collection agencies in the future.

“I think this verdict is indicative of what this jury thought of this particular case,” Newburger said, “but not of anything else.”

Correction: May 8, 2009

This post has been revised to reflect the following correction: The original post mistakenly referred to the $500,000 jury verdict as the largest award conferred upon a consumer under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. In fact, the $500,000 decision is among the largest FDCPA findings on behalf of a consumer, but not the singular largest.

Popularity: 9% [?]

Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan has filed lawsuits against two debt settlement companies for allegedly misrepresenting their services to consumers and failing to follow through on their obligation to settle their clients’ debts, according to a press release from the Illinois attorney general’s office (“Attorney General Madigan Sues Two Debt Settlement Firms,” May 4, 2009).

Madigan has charged debt settlement firms Debt Relief USA, Inc. and SDS West Corporation with violations of the state’s Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act, accusing the companies of deceptively marketing their services and of misrepresenting the impact those debt settlement services would have on clients’ credit.

According to one lawsuit, SDS West, along with its partner Nationwide Support Services, did not adequately inform its customers that their monthly payments would be applied to the company’s fees before the company would provide any of its promised debt settlement services — negotiations with a customer’s creditors for reduced payoff amounts. SDS West also failed to explain to its customers that they would have to make several months of payments before they would accumulate enough funds for the company to begin negotiating these settlement payoffs with the customers’ creditors.

In the second lawsuit, Madigan alleges that Debt Relief USA, which enrolled at least 470 Illinois customers in its debt settlement program between 2005 and 2008, did not “negotiate substantial reductions on most consumers’ accounts” and that most of its clients, having already paid the company’s nonrefundable fees, dropped out of the program before the company settled any of their debts.

Madigan is asking for permanent injunctions against both Debt Relief USA and SDS West that would prohibit them from engaging in debt settlement in the state of Illinois, along with court orders requiring each company to pay restitution, civil penalties of $50,000, and an additional $50,000 for each one of their violations that included intent to defraud.

Popularity: 6% [?]

With a vote of 45 to 51, Senate Republicans defeated a measure that would have allowed bankruptcy judges to modify mortgage terms for bankruptcy filers, dealing a blow to the Obama administration’s foreclosure rescue program, which has yet to make a noticeable dent in the number of families losing their homes, The Washington Post reports (“Senate Defeats Measure to Allow Bankruptcy Judges to Change Mortgage Terms,” April 30, 2009).

The defeated measure would have allowed bankruptcy court judges to modify the mortgage terms of a bankruptcy filer’s primary residence with the possibility of having the filer’s interest rate or principal balance lowered in a process known as a “cramdown.” Currently bankruptcy judges can only modify mortgages for second homes or investment properties.

While opponents of the bill, including the nation’s biggest banks and Republicans in the Senate, argue that the bankruptcy modification provision would increase lending costs for future homebuyers and, therefore, destabilize the housing market even further, supporters of the cramdown measure contend that it would help more than 1.7 million struggling homeowners to stay in their homes.

In spite of the defeat, the measure’s sponsor, Senator Dick Durbin, D–Ill., is determined to keep pushing for cramdown legislation that he says is needed. In the time since he’s been campaigning for bankruptcy code reform, Durbin says home foreclosures have jumped from 2 million to 8 million.

“I’ll be back. I’m not going to quit on this,” Durbin said. “At some point, the Senators in this chamber will decide the bankers shouldn’t write the agenda for the United States Senate.”

The measure is part of a larger Senate housing bill that includes a provision to revamp the Hope for Homeowners program and a proposal to temporarily increase the deposits guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and which still has to be reconciled with the House’s version of the bill. House Democrats will most likely remove the cramdown measure from the bill to help get it passed by both houses of Congress.

Popularity: 4% [?]

In what is turning out to be the worst recession since the Great Depression, many Americans are struggling to pay their bills as companies continue to shed jobs and the economy continues to contract.

In this recession, costly expenses like medical bills are taking a backseat to daily expenses like water, electricity, food, car, and mortgage payments. Now, as with credit cards, consumers are struggling to keep up with their medical bills and increasingly letting more and more of their bills go unpaid.

The Commonwealth Fund, a healthcare research foundation, reports that in 2007, 41 percent of adults were struggling to pay their healthcare bills, up from 34 percent in 2005 (“When Medical Bills Outpace Your Means, Seize Control Swiftly,” The New York Times, April 25, 2009). And it’s not just the uninsured who have fallen behind on their payments, nearly two-thirds of people with medical debt actually have health insurance.

Experts say, however, that there are ways to manage your medical debt even if you aren’t capable of paying it off right away.

1. Communicate with your creditor.

If you know you’re going to be late on one or more of your medical bills, let your creditors know. Just talking with them won’t obligate you to make a payment, but if your creditor is aware that you’re trying to stay on top of your debt you may be able to avoid collections, at least temporarily, and protect your credit.

2. Review your bills.

Keep a running tab of your doctor visits and medical procedures to accurately review your bills when they come in. Errors in medical billing can occur often, so if you find a discrepancy call your provider for an explanation. And remember that it can never hurt to resubmit bills to your insurer if you’ve been denied coverage.

3. Bring in extra help.

Try negotiating with your provider for a discount or for some leeway on repayment. If your creditor still won’t work with you, consider hiring a billing specialist who may be able to help you find errors in your medical bills and better understand the often-complex language of medical billing.

4. Avoid the plastic.

Don’t react with panic when you receive a late-payment notice by transferring your medical bill debt onto your credit card. Chances are if you can’t pay your medical bill now, you’re not going to be able to pay the credit card bill when it comes in later. And medical bill charges that stay on your credit card will immediately start earning interest, not to mention that charging a large sum to your credit card could negatively affect your credit score, if you’re carrying too high a debt load.

5. Know your rights.

Just because a medical bill goes to collections, doesn’t mean creditors have free rein to hassle you into paying; they have guidelines and rules to abide by — they can only call between 8 a.m. and 9 p.m. and they can’t scare you into paying the debt. Ask for the caller’s name and request that they send you the name of the creditor and the amount you owe in writing. Visit the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse for a guide to debt collection.

Popularity: 10% [?]

In response to the rising number of mortgage scams in his state, Missouri Attorney General Chris Koster announced a “zero tolerance” policy for companies engaging in misleading mortgage refinancing practices, according to press release from Koster’s office (“Attorney General Koster declares ‘Zero tolerance’ on Mortgage Scams,” April 20, 2009).

“This Attorney General’s office will have zero tolerance for any mortgage broker or refinancing lender that uses deception to lure consumers into doing business with them,” Koster said. “The Attorney General’s office will use all its powers to investigate and prosecute businesses that use deception and fraud in advertisements to Missouri consumers.”

Under the new campaign, Koster has already sued two businesses, Goldstar Home Mortgage and Oxford Lending Group, for sending misleading direct mail advertisements to consumers that encouraged homeowners to refinance their home loans.

Goldstar’s mail piece included the name of the homeowner’s bank at the top of the letter, which Koster argues made the homeowner’s own bank appear that it was encouraging homeowners to refinance with Goldstar. The company also marketed loans that were “inappropriate” for homeowners — loans that, in at least one case, would have left the homeowner with a mortgage worth more than the home itself.

Oxford Lending’s direct mail pieces stated that homeowners had a special opportunity to refinance under the “Economic Stimulus Act of 2008.” Oxford also used the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s label and name to suggest that the letter was coming from the government and not Oxford.

Koster warned Missouri homeowners to be cautious of any mail having to do with mortgage refinancing, loan consolidation, mortgage modification, and foreclosure relief. With interest rates at historic lows and foreclosures at record highs, Koster says homeowners, seniors in particular, who looking to save their homes are particularly vulnerable to these mortgage scams.

“Increasingly, mortgage brokers are using deceptive ploys to draw Missourians back into the refinancing game,” Koster warned. “Our goal is to alert consumers that these scams are out there and to sue every mortgage broker who crosses the line.”

Popularity: 7% [?]

California’s unemployment rate hit a record 11.2 percent in March, leaving 2.1 million people jobless — the highest level since World War II, according to a report released last week (“State Unemployment Rate Highest Since 1941,” San Francisco Chronicle, April 18, 2009).

The March figure surpasses the 11 percent unemployment rate the state reached during the early 1980’s recession, says Patti Roberts, spokeswoman for the state’s Employment Development Department. The March unemployment rate approaches the 11.7 percent unemployment rate the state had in January 1941.

While last month’s unemployment rate for the state was significantly higher than the national figure of 8.5 percent for March, California had the 4th highest rate of unemployment in the country, perhaps due to the decline in real estate.

“California’s higher rate of job loss is primarily the result of greater exposure to the housing downturn,” said Stephen Levy, director and senior economist at the Center for the Continuing Study of the California Economy in Palo Alto.

Forecasters Vary on Outlook

The unemployment rate is grim and many Californians have been affected by job losses, “But on the other hand things are not really as bad as you might think,” said Chris Thornberg of Beacon Economics, a California real estate and economic forecasting firm.

Thornberg believes that these job losses can be attributed to the slump in consumer spending over the last year, and sees spending starting to stabilize in the near future along with the job market.

But Jerry Nickelsburg, an economist with the UCLA Anderson Forecast, believes that in all likelihood, the job market will continue to get worse before it gets better. He predicts California’s jobless rate will reach a high of 12 percent before it begins to decline sometime in 2010.

“Unemployment will likely creep up through the end of the year,” Nickelsburg said, “because employers will want to see that the increase in demand is strong before they hire.”

Popularity: 5% [?]

The credit crisis has taken its toll on many consumers’ immediate ability to borrow and pay down their debt as, over the last year, banks and other lending institutions have slashed credit limits and hiked interest rates in an effort to protect themselves from rising consumer defaults. But economists predict that this vastly altered consumer credit market won’t be a fleeting change.

“In the previous two decades, our credit scores have become more important over time,” said personal finances expert Liz Pulliam Weston (“Rules Have Changed for Consumer Credit,” Chicago Tribune, April 19, 2009). “Then in the past year, it’s suddenly become critical.”

She warns that if consumers don’t pay attention to these recent credit developments they could make some costly mistakes that could negatively affect their personal finances.

1. Credit Scores

The overhauled credit markets have polarized the world of credit scores: now there’s good credit and bad credit and relatively little in between. Consumers with good credit have seen little to no effect on their financial lives, while consumers with less than stellar credit are increasingly facing higher interest rates, more stringent loan terms, and disqualification from all types of loans — home, auto, student, etc.

The Recommendation: Don’t take on any more debt and start paying off your existing debt.

2. Credit Benchmarks

The qualifications for good credit and bad credit have also shifted. About a year ago a 700 to a 720 FICO credit score — the most widely used credit score formula — was considered acceptable for most consumer loans, and a 620 FICO score was considered subprime and subject to less favorable terms. Today, consumers need a 740 to a 760 credit score to get the most consumer-friendly loan and credit card terms, and consumers with a 660 to 680 score are considered subprime.

The Recommendation: Pull your credit report to see if there are any unforeseen blips or mistakes that could have dinged your score. You can get a free copy of your credit report from each of the major reporting bureaus once a year at annualcreditreport.com. For a free estimate of your credit score, you can use some of the new credit simulators at Bankrate.com, Quizzle.com, or Credit.com to get an idea of where you stand, but if you’re considering taking out any new loan you may want to use a site like MyFICO.com to pull your actual credit score and see where you really fall on the new scale.

3. Credit Limits

Consumers with lower credit scores are having their credit limits slashed by credit card companies, which can severely throw off your credit utilization ratio — the ratio of your available credit to how much you’ve borrowed — and consequently, lower your credit score.

The Recommendation: Consumers with good credit scores, 750 and above, can try negotiating with their creditors to reinstate lines of credit, if need be. Creditors are more willing to accommodate consumers with good credit since they are harder to come by in this recession.

4. Card Cancellations

In addition to lowering limits, credit card companies are shutting down lines of credit due to low use, which may be one of the few credit changes to hurt consumers with good credit.

The Recommendation: Make sure to occasionally use the cards that you keep in the “back of your wallet” — charging some purchases at least a few times a year — and promptly pay off the balances on these cards in full.

5. FICO Score Formula Changes

One of the three major credit reporting bureaus, TransUnion, has begun using Fair Isaac’s new FICO score formula, which places more emphasis on your credit utilization and ignores overdue balances of less than $100. It’s unknown when or if the other credit bureaus, Equifax and Experian, will follow suit.

The Recommendation: Keep balances to below 30 percent of your available credit, and if possible, try to bring your credit utilization down to 10 percent to get better interest rates and more favorable borrowing terms on consumer loans.

Popularity: 15% [?]

After some 10 million consumers with poor credit saw their credit lines reduced earlier last year, responsible consumers with good credit are now seeing the same credit card limit reductions as credit card issuers move to insulate themselves from defaults, reports USA Today (“Lenders Slash Credit for Responsible Borrowers,” April 2, 2009).

Approximately 22 million cardholders — all of them consumers who have kept up on their credit card payments, have paid their bills on time, and have maintained their credit — have had their accounts closed or credit limits cut, according to a recent report by Fair Isaac, the creator of the FICO credit score.

Typically, lenders have targeted those with poor credit but as the economy has continued to unravel, lenders have changed their definition of risk, says Josh Lauer, a professor at the University of New Hampshire who is writing a book on credit reporting.

Consumers who have high credit scores tend to use their credit cards less and carry low balances, says Fair Isaac’s Careen Foster, which may be why they’re now being targeted by lenders.

And consumers who pay their bills on time aren’t a very profitable demographic for lenders since these consumers tend to pay few credit card fees, adds John Ulzheimer, president of consumer education for Credit.com. Even though these cardholders are less likely to default, lenders must still set aside reserves in case consumers stop making payments on their loans.

When credit card companies close a consumer’s accounts or reduce a consumer’s credit limit, it can increase the proportion of available credit a consumer is using and bring down his or her credit score, making it harder to qualify for any type of loan in the future, especially for a consumer who already has bad credit.

The good news for those who have been responsible with their credit is that, according to the Fair Isaac report, card companies’ recent credit line reductions have had very little impact on these consumers’ credit scores, perhaps because these consumers have had their credit limits cut by only 5 percent.

Bank analyst Meredith Whitney estimates that by 2010 banks will have slashed another $2.7 trillion of available credit on consumer cards. With lenders continuing to tighten their credit standards, Ulzheimer says cardholders, even those with good credit, can’t afford to be complacent about their credit scores.

Popularity: 6% [?]

With the number of jobless Americans growing every month – 663,000 workers lost their jobs in March alone – unemployed workers are facing stiffer competition for a limited number of open positions. (more…)

Popularity: 5% [?]

After you’ve packed away all your winter coats, scarves, and turtlenecks and dusted off all your t-shirts, shorts, and flip-flops for spring, keep that spring-cleaning momentum going and tackle your bills, your financial files, and your debts. By taking better hold of your finances, you may be able to find ways to save throughout the rest of the year. (more…)

Popularity: 6% [?]